Overview

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Green materials

are not from Moss.

These materials are my notes as a student

pursing this excellent on-line Greek course.

Module One • Module Two • Module Three • Module Four

This page under development.

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Stabiles

Memoranda

My Koine

Type Greek

ΛOΓΕΙΟΝ

Nouns

Adjectives

Notes for Module One, Lessons 1-40

ONE 40

Death not eternal sleep (II)

... ἀλλὰ ρῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.

26 m.

a. instrumental dative (Smyth 1529 )

b. remarks on genitive (Smyth 1289, 1427)

c. remarks on genitive (Smyth 1349) / perfect active participles (Smyth 309)

40 c 1

ἐκεῖ

adv

(hic)

locative

ONE 39

Socrates to judges (I)

... καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ...

38 m.

a. hypotaxis / sixth principal part GQS 5 / enclitic -δε / genitive agents (Smyth 1491, 1493, 1698)

b. γέ / genitive of comparison (Smyth 313-314)

c. (sentence practice)

d. genitive of agency / aorist passive participle (Smyth 678)

e. εἶμι (ire) (Smyth 773)

ONE 38

Greek legend of deluge

... ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀφήαμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν˙ ...

37 m.

a. aorist identifier / mi verb / augments (Smyth 428, 435)

b. attributive adjectives (Smyth 912-914) / aorist infinitive (Smyth 670) / active participle (Smyth 671)

c. accusative of duration / genitive absolute

d. aorist participle (Smyth 306)

e. (sentence practice)

ONE 37

Alcibiades trips Pericles

... καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν, ...

43 m.

a. vocative / idiomatic speech, εἴ τι οἶδα / defective verb οἶδα (Smyth 794-795) / digamma

b. aorist imperative / o-o with participle / passive participle / δεῖ structure

c. o-o with infinitive / identifying actual subject / pronoun discussion (Smyth 1204)

d. δεῖ structure / pleonasm

e. 'nesting' / μὴ in relative clause / deponent

f. mi verb / ἔχειν + adv ≈ εἶναι + adj /

g. parataxis vs hypotaxis / mi verb / γέ (Smyth 2821)

37 a 3

μάλιστα

adv

absolute, prorsum

-

37 d 1

ναί

adv

sane, sic ita

-

37 d 3

δήπου

adv

-

Smyth 2850

37 f 2

ἄρτι

adv

nuper, modo

-

37 f 2

νῦν

adv

nunc

-

ONE 36

A saying of Pyrrho

... τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον˙ ...

12 m.

a. genitive absolute / o-o

b. adverbial accusative / context / nominative, genitive, gender

ONE 35

Thieves and the cock

... ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς˙ ...

24 m.

a. PREPO : πλὴν

b. three declensions (Smyth 204)

c. genitive of time (Smyth 1444)

d. (sentence practice)

• PREPO : πλὴν • All three declensions

ONE 34

Dress according to station

... ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου˙ γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου, ...

34 m.

a. circumstantial participles (Smyth 2079, 2083)

b. supplementary participle (Smyth 2088-2089, 2096 c & d)

c. vocative discussion

d. (sentence practice)

34 d 2

ἀληθῶς

adv

vere

-

ONE 33

Questioning a ... reputation

Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς˙ ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομα σου˙ ...

44 m.

a. o-o, accusative-infinitive / infinitives show relative time (antea, simul, postea) / ὡς (Smyth 2990)

b. fourth and fifth and sixth principal parts

c. denoting existence three ways / deponent / aorist participle

d. liquid futures / purpose and future participles / genitive absolute

33 c 1

τέλος

(adv)

tandem

-

33 c 3

καὶ δὴ καὶ

expr

praesertim, praecipue

-

33 c 5

τότε

adv

(tunc)

-

ONE 32

Bring him to a sorry plight

31 m.

a. ἐπει δὲ / discussion of Attic prepositions (Smyth 1675)

b. apocope / mi-numi verbs / 'pay the penalty' / adjectives of two types / litotes

c. χαλεπῶς with ἔφερε / PREPO : μετα (Smyth 1691)

d. (sentence practice)

32 a 1

ἐπει δὲ

conj

-

-

32 a 2

λάθρα

adv

clam

-

32 b 1

πόρρω

adv

(procul)

-

32 d 2

βραδύς

adv

(lente)

-

ONE 31

Disobedience

34 m.

a. dative of possessor

b. major participle discussion / κελεύειν (Smyth 1465) / impersonal verbs (Smyth 932, 933, 1984, 1985)

c. apocope

d. enclitic words and accents / Greek moods / purpose clause / 'dative of means' / indicative-subjunctive overlap

• Imperative endings (GQS 1)

31 d 3

χαλεπῶς

adv

works with ἔφερε

ONE 30

Alexander's victory ...

30 m.

a. δὲ as continuative or adversative / infinitive as verbal noun / future active infinitive / factitive

b. (sentence practice)

c. (sentence practice)

d. apposition

E. English variety vs Greek precision

30 c 1

ἔπειτα

adv

deinde

38-b.

ONE 29

Boast not thyself

23 m.

a. apposition / e-i-r

b. expression : ου μονον ... αλλα και (non solum ... sed etiam) / factitive

c. (sentence practice)

d. Laconic speech

29 b 1

ὅμωσ

adv

quamquam ... tamen

Smyth 2082

ONE 28

Cyrus pays the penalty ...

32 m.

a. e-i-r / ἀμφὶ (also an adverb) / Smyth 347 on numerals

b. crasis / εὐθύσ in NT

c. 'dative of instrument' / sneaky preposition / τε και / οὗτος (Smyth 1204)

d. (sentence practice)

• Numerals • Demonstrative : οὗτος, αὕτη, τούτο • PREPO : ἀμφὶ

28 b 1

ἐνταῦθα

adv

(tunc)

-

28 d 4

μάλιστα

adv

magnopere, vehementer

37-a.

ONE 27

The Parthians

20 m.

a. adverbs of manner (Smyth 343) / old ablatives

b. accusative of duration / Smyth 2775 on ἀλλά

c. assimilation / dative of possessor

ONE 26

A clear conscience

τετὲλεσται.

25 m.

a. participles show relative time (antea, simul, postea) / three voices (Smyth 356)

b. sentence core and modifications / two kinds of enemies / paraprosdokian / reduplication / Grassmann's Law (Smyth 439, 440)

• Indicative perfect

26 b 1

ὡς εἰκὸς

expr

ut (mihi) videtur, ut dicam

-

ONE 25

Procustes' bed

Ίδοῦ.

18 m.

a. apposition / degrees of adjectives / enclitic accents (Smyth 181) / augments for imperfect, aorist, pluperfect

b. degrees of adjectives / comparative without comparand / accusative of respect / d-o-m

c. discussion on accusative of respect (Smyth 1601)

ONE 24

A difference of opinion

... φῶς εἰς αποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν καὶ δόξαν λαοῦ σου Ἰσραήλ.

14 m.

a. first & second personal pronoun review / indirect discourse review

b. instrumental dative (Smyth 1503) / 'ι' for quality, 'σ' for quantity / excursus on γαρ (Smyth 2804, 2805)

ONE 23

Medical science in Babylon

... ὃ ἡτοίμασας κατὰ πρόσωπον πάντων τῶν λαῶν, ...

26 m.

a. dative of possessor (Smyth 1476) / e-i-r / repetition of prefixes

b. second declension feminine / perfect tense / augments for indicatives

c. unexpressed antecedent

ONE 22

When sects do disagree

... ὅτι εἶδον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου τὸ σωτήριόν σου, ...

23 m.

a. majuscule / accusative of respect / genitive of comparison (Smyth 1069) / irregular comparative (Smyth 319)

b. aorist active imperative / 'ι' for quality, 'σ' for quantity / multiple negatives / liquid futures (Smyth 535)

c. (sentence practice)

22 b 2

οὔτε ... οὔτε

-

neque ... neque

34-a.

ONE 21

An Irish bull

... κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου ἐν εἰρήνῃ· ...

24 m.

a. deponent verbs / coincidental pronoun (ον)

b. time constructions / two types of aorist

c. nouns and adjectives : 'ι' for quality, 'σ' for quantity / beware aspect and tense debates

21 c 1

οὔποτε

adv

numquam

-

ONE 20

A noble reply

Νῦν ἀπολύεις τὸν δοῦλόν σου, δέσποτα, ...

20 m.

a. cities and their inhabitants / middle or passive / deponent verbs

b. (sentence practice)

c. (sentence practice)

• Middle and passive primary • PREPO : υπερ

20 c 2

ἡδέως

adv

libenter, cum gaudio

-

ONE 19

A 'smart' girl

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.

26 m.

a. dual / exception to ε-ι-ρ changes

b. adjectives of two endings

c. (sentence practice)

• PREPO : ανα

ONE 18

Napoleon and the priest

Γνῶθι σεαυτόν.

29 m.

a. natural gender (Smyth 197) / persistence of accents

b. adverbial formation

c. genitive of time / aorist / factitive

d. dative 'of advantage' / table of infinitives / aorist infinitive

18 b 4

ἴσως

adv

fortasse

-

18 c 3

ἡ ... ἡ

conj

aut ... aut

-

18 d 1

γέ

ptcl

saltem, sane

Smyth 2821. 37-g.

ONE 17

Build ships

καὶ γνώσεσθε τὴν ἀλήθειαν καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια ἐλευθερώσει ὑμᾶς.

25 m.

a. relative pronoun / χρη = necessitas / comparatives

b. function of the nominative

c. substantive / Moss dormitat?

• Second person personal pronoun

17 a 2

πρῶτον

adv

primo, primum

-

17 a 4

ἢ

conj

quam

-

ONE 16

Leonidas to the cowardly ...

24 m.

a. dative of possessor

b. vocative / οὕτω ... ὥστε / Smyth 958 on neuter plural subject taking singular verb

c. factitive

d. imperfect / four imperfect options

• PREPO : μετα (Smyth 1691)

ONE 15

Experiment with a crow

Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ ζωή.

15 m.

a. alphaprivative / subjunctive / time constructions / attributive, circumstantial, and supplementary participles / εἰς

b. conditional with subjunctive

• PREPO : δια, εἰς

15 b 1

διὰ τί;

expr

cur?, quare?

-

ONE 14

Decoration day

Μηδὲν ἄγαν.

25 m.

a. 'dative of means' / απο- as reversing

b. expression : τε και ≈ et ... et

c. -δε / δίκαιον = iustum est / epicene / factative

ONE 13

Last acts of Darius

27 m.

a. historical present

b. dual article (Smyth 332, 333)

c. aspirated reflexive possession / εκεινος as third person

• Demonstrative : εκεινος, εκεινη, εκεινο (Smyth 1257, 1258)

13 a 3

ἐγγὺς

adv

(prope)

-

13 a 3

ἐπεὶ

conj

cum (temporal), postquam, ubi?

16-b. 38-a.

13 b 2

ἤδη

adv

iam

-

13 b 3

ὅτε

conj

cum (temporal)

21-c.

13 c 2

δὴ

ptcl

iam

-

13 c 2

ἔτι / οὐκέτι δὴ

adv

iam / non iam

16-d.

ONE 12

Draco's laws

Ἡ εἰρήνη μετὰ σοῦ.

26 m.

a. imperfect of εἶναι / elements of sentence / syllabic and temporal augmentation / εθελω (attic) and θελω (koine) / lone ουτω

b. (sentence practice)

• Imperfect indicative of εἶναι

12 a 1

πάλλαι

adv

olim

-

ONE 11

The deceitfulness of riches

... ἤδη καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ὥραν τοῦ θανάτου ἡμῶν. Ἀμήν.

32 m.

a. apposition / adj : -τερος, -α, -ον / adj : -τατος, -α, -ον / some uses of accusatives / clauses as subjects and objects / τί for indirect question

b. stylistic placement of δὲ / οὕτω ... ὥστε (so much ... that as a result) / natural (finite) and actual (infinitive) results

c. d-o-p

• Future indicative of εἶναι

ONE 10

Wants a practical education

... Ἁγία Μαριάμ, μήτηρ Θεοῦ, προσεύχου περί ἡμῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν, ...

20 m.

a. nesting / neuter adjectives and infinitives / recessive and persistent accents / emphatic form (DDG John 12:8)

b. imperatives / result clauses with ὡστε (ut) + infinitive or finite / εχω + infinitive (posse)

ONE 09

Qualifications of a ruler

... καὶ εὐλογημένος ὁ καρπὸς τῆς κοιλίας σου, Ἰησοῦς. ...

23 m.

a. imperfect tense / vocative

b. future tense 'σ' / expression : ου μονον ... αλλα και (non solum ... sed etiam)

• Secondary actives : -ον, -ες, -ε(ν), -ομεν, -ετε, -ον • PREPO : κατα

09 b 2

ἀεὶ

adv

semper

-

ONE 08

A very bad memory

... Eὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν, ...

20 m.

a. alphaprivative / o-o

b. time constructions / indeclinable numbers

c. feminine participle

• PREPO : προσ (Smyth 1696)

ONE 07

He makes another blunder

Χαῖρε, Μαριάμ, κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ Κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. ...

13 m.

a. contract verbs / accents on verbs / variations for αυτος / punctuation marks / ὡς (quam) + adverb

• First person personal pronoun.

07 a 3

τί;

adv

quare?, cur?

-

07 a 4

τᾶχέως

adv

subito, statim

-

ONE 06

A pedant learns ... a ladder

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.

16 m.

a. accentuation of τις, τι / interrogatio obliqua / enclitic words / variations for αυτος / oblique cases

• ἕν / δύο / τρία / τέτταρα / πέντε / ἕξ / ἑπτά / ὀκτώ / ἐννέα / δέκα • PREPO : μεχρι

06 a 5

εἴτε ... εἴτε

conj

num ... an

37-c.

ONE 05

Honorable scars

... καὶ ἒσται διὰ παντὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

24 m.

a. εχειν + adverb / accusative of respect

b. five comments on participles (Smyth =)

c. coronis (crasis) / oratio obliqua with participle

• δύο, δυοίν, δυοίν, δύο (Smyth 999) • PREPO : αντι, δια, περι, υπο

05 a 3

κακῶς

adv

male

-

05 c 4

καίπερ

adv

etsi, licet, quamquam

08-b.

ONE 04

Penny wise, pound foolish

... Καθὼς ἦν ἐν ἀρχῃ καὶ ἐστὶν ἤδη, ...

19 m.

a. attributive & predicative adjectives / arthrous, anarthrous / oratio obliqua / μέλλειν + pres. inf. / μέλλειν + future inf. / three dative relationships

b. infinitives as verbal nouns / lexicon

• Adjective sequences

04 a 1

ὅτι

conj

quia, quod, quoniam

04-a.

04 b 2

εἰ

ptcl

si

-

04 b 3

καὶ

adv

etiam

37-c.

ONE 03

Philip hits two thieves ...

Ἡ δόξα τῷ Πατρὶ καὶ τῷ Ὑιῷ καὶ τῷ Ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι ...

29 m.

a. historical present / apposition / vocative / present active participle

b. relative pronouns / oratio obliqua

c. expression : δει + acc. & inf. (necesse est, opus est) / constr : μεν ... δε

• Relative pronoun • Participle endings • PREPO : εκ, παρα

03 b 2

εὐθὺς

adv

statim

16-d.

03 b 5

ὡς

adv

ut

-

03 c 2

ὧδε

adv

sic

-

ONE 01

A troublesome boy

Εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ τοῦ Υίοῦ, καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος. Ἀμήν.

27 m.

a. grammatical terms / lenis ≠ asper / acute + circumflex + grave / porsonic / ictus / three genitives / e-i-r / temporal -κις

• Definite article • Second declension, "o" noun • Present indicative of εἶναι. • PREPO : επι

01 a 1

καὶ

conj

et

04-b. 37-c.

01 a 2

δὲ

ptcl

et, sed, autem

10-a.

01 a 2

γὰρ

conj

nam, enim

37-b.

01 a 3

ἢ

disj

(vel)

-

01 a 3

οὕτω, οὕτως

adv

ita, sic, tam

02-a. 04-b. 11-b. 12-a. 16-b.

01 a 4

πολλάκισ

adv

saepe

-

ONE 00

Χαῖρε , Χαίρετε

• Qui putat minorem fructum gloriae ex Graecis versibus capi quam ex Latinis, errat, quod Graecae litterae leguntur in omnibus fere gentibus sed Latinae litterae suis finibus continentur. Cicero.

• Ad meam utilitatem semper cum Graecis Latina coniunxi neque id in philosophia solum, sed etiam in dicendi exercitatione feci, idem tibi censeo faciendum, ut par sis in utriusque orationis facultate. Cicero.

• α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω

• Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω

μαθητής προσεκτικός

&

• Alphabet. • Primary active endings : -ω, -εις, -ει, -ομεν, -ετε, -ουσἱ(ν). • First declension.

Apparatus for Module One, Lessons 1-40

Stabiles : adverbs, conjunctions, particles, expressions

09 b 2

ἀεὶ

adv

semper

-

34 d 2

ἀληθῶς

adv

vere

-

02 a 2

ἀλλὰ

conj

sed

37-b. 37-c.

28 a 3

ἀμφὶ

(adv)

(prope)

-

37 f 2

ἄρτι

adv

nuper, modo

-

32 d 2

βραδύς

adv

(lente)

-

01 a 2

δὲ

ptcl

et, sed, autem

10-a.

-δε

ptcl

(enclitic)

39-a-2.

13 c 2

δὴ

ptcl

iam

-

37 d 3

δήπου

adv

-

Smyth 2850.

15 b 1

διὰ τί;

expr

cur?, quare?

DDG John 12:5

01 a 2

γὰρ

conj

nam, enim

37-b. 39-b.

18 d 1

γέ

ptcl

saltem, sane

Smyth 2821. 37-g. 39-b.

13 a 3

ἐγγὺς

adv

(prope)

-

04 b 2

εἰ

ptcl

si

-

40 c 1

ἐκεῖ

adv

-

locative

06 a 5

εἴτε ... εἴτε

conj

num ... an

37-e.

02 a 2

ἐνίοτε

adv

interdum

-

28 b 1

ἐνταῦθα

adv

(tunc)

-

13 a 3

ἐπεὶ

conj

cum (temporal), postquam, ubi?

16-b. 38-a. 39-a.

30 c 1

ἔπειτα

adv

deinde

38-b.

32 a 1

ἐπει δὲ

conj

-

-

13 c 2

ἔτι / οὐκέτι δὴ

adv

iam / non iam

16-d.

03 b 2

εὐθὺς

adv

statim

16-d.

01 a 3

ἢ

disj

(vel)

37-c. 37-d.

17 a 4

ἢ

conj

quam

40-c.

18 c 3

ἡ ... ἡ

conj

aut ... aut

-

20 c 2

ἡδέως

adv

libenter, cum gaudio

-

13 b 2

ἤδη

adv

iam

-

18 b 4

ἴσως

adv

fortasse

-

01 a 1

καὶ

conj

et, etiam

04-b. 37-e.

33 c 3

καὶ δὴ καὶ

expr

praesertim, praecipue

-

05 c 4

καίπερ

adv

etsi, licet, quamquam

08-b.

05 a 3

κακῶς

adv

male

-

32 a 2

λάθρα

adv

clam

-

28 d 4

μάλιστα

adv

magnopere, vehementer, absolute

37-a.

37 d 1

ναί

adv

sane, sic ita

-

37 f 2

νῦν

adv

nunc

-

13 b 3

ὅτε

conj

cum (temporal)

21-c.

04 a 1

ὁτι

conj

quia, quod, quoniam

04-a.

02 a 7

οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ

adv

non 

03-b.

29 b 1

ὅμωσ

adv

quamquam ... tamen

Smyth 2082.

02 a 3

οὖν

conj

igitur, ergo

08-a. 36-a.

01 a 3

οὕτω, οὕτως

adv

ita, sic, tam

02-a. 04-b. 11-b. 12-a. 16-b.

21 c 1

οὔποτε

adv

numquam

-

22 b 2

οὔτε ... οὔτε

-

neque ... neque

34-a.

12 a 1

πάλλαι

adv

olim

-

01 a 4

πολλάκισ

adv

saepe

-

32 b 1

πόρρω

adv

(procul)

-

02 a 3

ποτε

adv

olim

03-a. 06-a.

02 a 4

ποῦ; / ὅπου

adv

ubi? / ubi

-

17 a 2

πρῶτον

adv

primo, primum

-

07 a 4

τᾶχέως

adv

subito, statim

-

33 c 1

τέλος

(adv)

tandem

-

07 a 3

τί;

adv

quare?, cur?

-

33 c 5

τότε

adv

(tunc)

-

31 d 3

χαλεπῶς

adv

works with ἔφερε

03 c 2

ὧδε

adv

sic

-

03 b 5

ὡς

adv

ut

-

26 b 1

ὡς εἰκὸς

expr

ut (mihi) videtur, ut dicam

-

Abbreviations

o-o

e-i-r

d-o-p

'd-o-m'

≈

Oratio obliqua, indirect discourse

Stems ending in ε, ι, or ρ

dative of the possessor

'dative of means', or instrumental dative

roughly equivalent to