Canon Law Books, Articles & Reviews, Speaking & Media, etc.

This page includes: Eastern Canon Law • The Roman Rota • Introductions, Text-books, and Popular Treatments • General Doctrine and Theology • Sacraments • Deaf Issues • The Second Vatican Council • Roman Law • Free Notes • Elenchus Canonistarum • Other/Unclassified

Abbas, Two Codes • Jobe Abbas (Australian Conventual, 1952-), Two Codes in Comparison (Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1997) 303 pp. Review: D. Motiuk, Studia Canonica 32 (1998) 270-272.

Comm. Orientali • P. Pinto, ed., Commento al Codice dei Canoni delle Chiese Orientali (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001) 1408 pp. Reviews: J. Faris, Studia Canonica 36 (2002) 259-260; D. Motiuk, The Jurist 63 (2003) 198-199.

Nednungatt, Spirit • George Nednungatt (Indian Jesuit, 1932-), The Spirit of the Eastern Code (Dharmaram, 1993) 261 pp. Review: D Motiuk, Studia Canonica 29 (1995) 555-556.

Nednungatt, Guide • George Nednungatt (Indian Jesuit, 1932-), A Guide to the Eastern Code: a Commentary on the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (Pontificio Istituo Orientale, 2002) 976 pp. Reviews: G. Gallaro, The Jurist 63 (2003) 433-435, and D. Motiuk, Studia Canonica 37 (2003) 242-244.

Pospishil, Eastern • Victor Pospishil, Eastern Catholic Church Law (St. Maron, 1993) 699 pp. Reviews: D. Motiuk, Studia Canonica 32 (1998) 268-269 and J. Renken, The Jurist 51 (1991) 253-255 (of the first edition); and G. Gallaro, The Jurist 58 (1998) 259-261 (of the second edition).

Pospishil, Eastern • Victor Pospishil, Eastern Catholic Church Law (St. Maron, 1996) 938 pp. Reviews: D. Motiuk, Studia Canonica 32 (1998) 268-269 and J. Renken, The Jurist 51 (1991) 253-255 (of the first edition); and G. Gallaro, The Jurist 58 (1998) 259-261 (of the second edition).

Pospishil, Marriage • Victor Pospishil, Eastern Catholic Marriage Law (Saint Maron Publications, 1991) = pp.

Žužek, Understanding • Ivan Žužek (1924-), Understanding the Eastern Code (Pontificio Istituto Orientale, 1997) 479 pp. Reviews: D. Motiuk, Studia Canonica 33 (1999) 245-248.

Galtier, Mariage • Fr[ancois?]. Galtier (French Jesuit, 1893-1962), Le Mariage: Discipline Orientale et Discipline Occidentale [et] La Réforme du 2 Mai 1949, (Université St Joseph de Beyrouth, 1950) 456 pp. Review: P. Fedele, Ephemerides Iuris Canonici 7 (1951) 93.

Pospishil, Persons • Victor Pospishil, The Law on Persons, English Translation and Differential Commentary (St. Mary’s Ukraine Catholic Church, 1964) 242 pp.

Notes: The citation form for Rotal cases is unusual. Cite first the name of the ponens and date of decision (e.g., coram Caestri, 16 July 1943), then the decision number (use Roman numbers), then the volume and pagination range. Thereafter cite ponens, textmarker, volume and page. Not all Rotal cases decided in a given year are published. A year of publication for each volume is usually given, but avoid citing it to reduce confusion between the year of decision and the year of publication.

Holböck, Tractatus • Carolus Holböck (1905-1984), Tractatus de Jurisprudentia Sacrae Romanae Rotae juxta decisiones quae hoc sacrum tribunal edidit ab anno 1909 usque ad annum 1946 et publicavit in voluminibus i-xxxviii (Styria, 1957).

Woestman, Allocutions • William Woestman, ed., Papal Allocutions to the Roman Rota 1939-1994 (St. Paul University, 1994). Review: E. Pfnausch, The Jurist 55 (1995) 946-949. = 2nd ed., F. Quillan, The Jurist 63 (2003) 438-440.

Mendonça, Anthology • Augustine Mendonça, Rotal Anthology, An Annotated Index of Rotal Decisions from 1971 to 1988 (Canon Law Society of America, 1992) 771 pp. Reviews: J. Beal, The Jurist 53 (1993) 453-456 and L. Robitaille, Studia Canonica 28 (1994) 266-267.

Cenlamor-Miras, Derecho • Daniel Cenlamor and Jorge Miras, El Derecho de la Iglesia: Curso Básico de Derecho Canónico [2004), 2nd ed., a trans. of Cenlamor-Miras, Il Diritto della Chiesa, Corso di Diritto Canonico [2005], (Eunsa, 2005) 573 pp. Review: E. Peters, Studia Canonica 40 (2006) 540-542.

Cenlamor-Miras, Diritto • Daniel Cenlamor and Jorge Miras, Il Diritto della Chiesa, Corso di Diritto Canonico (Università della Santa Croce, 2005) 528 pp.

Coriden, Introduction • James Coriden (American priest, 1932- ), An Introduction to Canon Law (Paulist, 1991) 232 pp. Reviews: P. Cogan, Studia Canonica 26 (1992) 265, and R. Cunningham, The Jurist 51 (1991) 232-233.

Coriden, Ministry • James Coriden (American priest, 1932- ), Canon Law as Ministry: Freedom and Good Order for the Church, (Paulist, 2000) 205 pp.

Foster, Annulment • Michael Foster (American priest, =), Annulment: The Wedding that Was (Paulist, 1999) 205 pp. Reviews: P. Hachey, Studia Canonica 33 (1999) 566-567; M. Rosswurm, The Jurist 59 (1999) 492-498; and E. Peters, Theological Studies 60 (1999) 797.

Hite-Ward, Readings • Jordan Hite (3rd Ord. Regular, 1938- ) and Daniel Ward (Benedictine, 1944- ), Readings, Cases, Materials in Canon Law: a Textbook for Ministerial Students, rev ed., (Liturgical Press, 1990) 493 pp. Reviews: J. Huels, The Jurist 50 (1990) 656-657; and R. Cunningham, The Jurist 50 (1990) 657-659.

Huels, Faithful • John Huels (1950-), The Faithful of Christ: the New Canon Law for the Laity (Franciscan Herald, 1983) 118 pp.

Jombart, Summary • Emile Jombart (1881-1964), Summary of Canon Law, trans. R. Bégin., (Benziger, 1960) 232 pp. Review: F. McManus, The Jurist 21 (1961) 283; P. Fedele, Ephemerides Iuris Canonici 7 (1951) 90-91 (of French version).

Martín de Agar, Handbook • Joseph Martín de Agar, Handbook on Canon Law, a trans. of Martín de Agar, Elementi di Diritto canonico [1996], (Wilson & Lafleur, 1999) 268 pp. Reviews: W. Brown, Studia Canonica 35 (2001) 252-255; A. Morin, Studia Canonica 35 (2001) 255-256 (French); and D. Zwifka, The Jurist 62 (2002) 216-218.

Metz, Canon Law • René Metz, What is Canon Law?, trans. M. Derrick (Hawthorn, 1960) 157 pp. Review: B. Deutsch, The Jurist 20 (1960) 359-360.

Peters, Annulments • Edward Peters (1957- ), Annulments and the Catholic Church [1997], rev. ed., (Ascension Press, 2004) 195 pp. Review: V. Vondenbeger, The Jurist 59 (1999) 495-497.

Peters, Excommunication • Edward Peters (1957- ), Excommunication and the Catholic Church (Ascension, 2006) 64 pp. Review: M. Flood, Studia Canonica 40 (2006) 563-565.

Spiteri, Code • Lawrence Spiteri, The Code in the Hands of the Laity (Alba House, 1997) 224 pp. Review: =.

Vere-Trueman, Surprised • Pete Vere and Michael Trueman, Surprised by Canon Law (Servant, 2004) 126 pp. Reviews: A. Asselin, Studia Canonica 38 (2004) 264-266.

Vere-Trueman, Surprised 2 • Pete Vere and Michael Trueman, Surprised by Canon Law: 2 (Servant, 200=) = pp.

CCC • =; English trans., Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2^nd ed., (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2000) 904 pp.

Gasparri, Catechismus • Pietro Gasparri (Italian prelate, 1850-1934), Catechismus Catholicus [1930], 6th ed., (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1931) 486 pp.

Hardon, Catechism • John Hardon (American Jesuit, 1914-2000), The Catholic Catechism (Doubleday, 1975) 623 pp.

Hervé, Manuale • Jean Marie Hervé (1881-1958), Manuale Theologiae Dogmaticae [1924], in 4 vols., 19^th ed., (Newman, 1943).

Ott, Fundamentals • Ludwig Ott (1906-1985), Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma [1952], English version edited by J. Bastible (Herder, 1957) 523 pp.

Lawler, Teaching • R. Lawler, et al., eds., The Teaching of Christ: a Catholic Catechism for Adults (Our Sunday Visitor, 1976) = pp.

Smith, Teaching • G. Smith, ed., The Teaching of the Catholic Church, in 2 vols., (Macmillan, 1955). Note: Be sure to cite specific authors for each section.

DMT • F. Roberti (Italian prelate, 1889-1977) & P. Palazzini (Italian prelate, 1912-2000), eds., Dictionary of Moral Theology [1957], Yannone trans., (Newman Press, 1962).

Aertnys, Theo. Moralis • Joseph Aertnys (Dutch Redemptorist, 1828-1915), Theologia Moralis secundum doctrinam S. Alfonsi de Ligorio, in 2 vols., 11° ed., rev. by C. Damen, (Marietti, 1928).

D'Annibale, Summula • Iosepho D'Annibale (1815-1892), Summula Theologiae Moralis, in 3 vols., 4° ed., (Propaganda Fide, 1896-1897).

aa.vv., Casus conscientiae de mandato olim eminentissimi S.R.E. cardinalis Prosperi Lambertini bononiae archiepiscopi etc., deinde sanctissimi D.N. Papae Benedicti XIV. propositi ac resoluti [1752-1782], in 5 vols., rev. ed., (Dessain, 1853).

aa.vv., The Casuist: A Collection of Cases in Moral and Pastoral Theology (Wagner, 1906-1912).

Bohr, Tradition • David Bohr, Catholic Moral Tradition [1989], rev. ed., (Our Sunday Visitor, 1999) 368 pp.

Connell, Outlines • Francis Connell, Outlines of Moral Theology [1958], 2nd ed., (Bruce, 1964).

Davis, Theology • Henry Davis (English Jesuit, 1866-1952), Moral and Pastoral Theology [1935], in 4 vols., 3rd ed., (Sheed and Ward, 1938). On the usefulness of Davis for modern canonical analysis, see E. Peters, "Applications of the Essential Norms in cases of doubt", Roman Replies and CLSA Advisory Opinions 2009, at 133-138.

Davis, Theology • Henry Davis (English Jesuit, 1866-1952), Moral and Pastoral Theology [1935], in 4 vols., 4th ed., (Sheed and Ward, 1943). On the usefulness of Davis for modern canonical analysis, see E. Peters, "Applications of the Essential Norms in cases of doubt", Roman Replies and CLSA Advisory Opinions 2009, at 133-138.

Ford-Kelly, Contemporary • John Ford & Gerald Kelly, Contemporary Moral Theology, in 2 vols., (Newman, 1958-1963). Review: J. Donohoe The Jurist 24 (1964) 489-490 (on vol. 2 only).

Genicot-Salsmans, Institutiones • Eduardus Genicot (Jesuit, 1839-1914) & Ioseph Salsmans (Jesuit, 1873-1944), Institutiones Theologiae Moralis, in 2 vols., 17° ed. (Uitgeverij, 1951).

Genicot-Salsmans, Casus • Eduardus Genicot (Jesuit, 1839-1914) & Ioseph Salsmans (Jesuit, 1873-1944), Casus Conscientiae propositi et soluti, 8° ed., (Uitgeverij, 1947) 782 pp.

Grisez, Way • Germain Grisez, The Way of the Lord Jesus, in 3 vols., (Franciscan Press, 1983-1997).

Haring, Law • Bernard Haring (German Redemptorist, 1912-1998), The Law of Christ [1959], in 3 vols., Kaiser trans. of 7th German ed., 5th ed., (Newman, 1966).

Jone, Moral • Heribert Jone (German Capuchin, 1885-1967), Moral Theology [1929], 8° ed., Adelman trans., (Newman, 1948).

Lehmkul, Casus • Augustino Lehmkuhl (German Jesuit, 1834-1918), Casus Conscientiae ad usum confessariorum [1901], in 2 vols., 3rd ed., (Herder, 1908).

Merkelbach, Summa • Dominicus Benedictus Merkelbach (1871-1942), Summa Theologiae Moralis [1930], in 3 vols., (Desclée, 1949).

McHugh-Callan, Course • John McHugh (1880-1950) & Charles Callan (1877-1962), Moral Theology: a Complete Course, in 2 vols., (Wagner, 1929).

Noldin, Summa • Hieronymus Noldin (Austrian Jesuit, 1838-1922), Summa Theologiae Moralis [1903], in 3 vols., 33° ed., rev. by A. Schmitt, (Feliciani Rauch, 1960).

Prümmer, Manuale • Dominicus Prümmer (German Dominican, 1866-1931), Manuale Theologiae Moralis [1914], in 3 vols., 10° ed., (Herder, 1946).

Prümmer, Handbook • Dominicus Prümmer (German Dominican, 1866-1931), Handbook of Moral Theology [1921], 5° ed., Shelton trans., (Mercier, 1956) 493 pp.

Gury, Compendium • Jean-Pierre Gury (French Jesuit, 1801-1866), Compendium Theologiae Moralis, in 2 vols., rev. ed., (Lugdini: Briday, 1874).

Gury, Compendium • Jean-Pierre Gury (French Jesuit, 1801-1866), Compendium Theologiae Moralis, in 2 vols., 5° ed., rev. by Ferreres, (Eugenius Pontificius, 1910).

Aloysius Sabetti (Italian Jesuit, 1839-1898), Compendium Theologiae Moralis, 4^th ed. rev by T. Barrett, (Pustet, 1924) 1125 pp plus 141 pp.

Slater, Manual • Thomas Slater (English Jesuit, 1855-1928), A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries, in 2 vols., 3rd ed., (Benziger, 1908).

Slater, Questions • Thomas Slater (English Jesuit, 1855-1928), Questions of Moral Theology (Benziger, 1915). On the usefulness of Slater for modern canonical analysis, see E. Peters, "Applications of the Essential Norms in cases of doubt", Roman Replies and CLSA Advisory Opinions 2009, at 133-138.

Vermeersch, Principia • Arthurus Vermeersch (Jesuit, 1858-1936), Theologiae Moralis: Principia, Responsa, Consilia [1922], in 3 vols., 4° ed., (Gregorianum, 1947).

Bro, Spirituality • Bernard Bro, The Spirituality of the Sacraments: Doctrine and Practice for Today [1967], Dubois trans., (Sheed & Ward, 1968).

Fink, Dictionary • P. Fink, ed., The New Dictionary of Sacramental Worship (Liturgical Press, 1990).

Halligan, Administration • Nicholas Halligan (American Dominican, 1917-1997), The administration of the sacraments (Alba House, 1963) 585 pp.

Halligan, Celebration • Nicholas Halligan (American Dominican, 1917-1997), The Sacraments and their Celebration (Alba House, 1986).Review: S. Holland, The Jurist 47 (1987) 603-605.

Leeming, Principles • Bernard Leeming, Principles of Sacramental Theology [1956], rev. ed. (Longans/Westminister, 1963) 720 pp.

Piault, Sacrament • Bernard Piault, What is a sacrament?, trans. A. Manson, (Hawthorn Books, 1963)

Regatillo, Sacramentarium • Eduardo Regatillo (Spanish Jesuit, 1882-1975), Ius sacramentarium [1945] , 4^th ed. (Sal Terrae, 1964).

Gauthier, Roman Law • Albert Gauthier (1933-), Roman Law and its Contribution to the Development of Canon Law (University of St. Paul, 1996) 169 pp., and Gauthier, Droit Romain • Albert Gauthier (1933-), Le Droit Romain et son apport à l'édifiction du Droit Canonique (Université Saint-Paul, 1996) 169 pp. Review: C. Reid, Studia Canonica 31 (1997) 272-273.

Digest • T. Mommsen, et al., The Digest of Justinian, Latin-English text in 4 vols., (University of Pennsylvania, 1985).

Berger, Dictionary • Adolphe Berger, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (American Philosophical Society, 1954) 808 pp. Review: M. McGuire, Seminar (The Jurist) 10 (1952) 85-88.

Borkowski, Textbook • Andrew Borkowski, Textbook on Roman Law (Blackstone, =).

Buckland, Textbook • William Buckland (1859-1946), A Textbook of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian [1921], 2nd ed., (Cambridge,1932), 763 pp.

Buckland-McNair, Law • W. Buckland and Arnold McNair, Roman and Common Law, (Cambridge, 1936) 354 pp. Review: P. Ciprotti, Apollinaris 11 (1938) 595-596.

Jolowicz, Introduction • Herbert Jolowicz (1890-1954), Historical Introduction to the Study of Roman Law (Cambridge, 1939) 549 pp. On Jolowicz, see S. Kuttner, "In memoriam: Herbert Felix Jolowicz", Seminar (The Jurist) 12 (1954) 1-6.

Nichols, Introduction • Barry Nicholas, An Introduction to Roman Law (Oxford Clarendon, 1962) 281 pp.

Schultz, Classical • Fritz Schultz, Classical Roman Law (Oxford Clarendon, 1951/1954) 649 pp. Review: A. Berger, Seminar (The Jurist) 10 (1952) 93-97.

Meryyman, Civil Law • See John Merryman , The Civil Law Tradition: an introduction to the legal systems of western Europe and Latin America [1969], 2^nd ed. (Stanford University, 1985) 168 pp.

Fuhrman, Witness • Mark Fuhrman, Silent Witness: The Untold Story of Terri’s Schiavo’s Death (William Morrow, 2005).

Norman Doe, “Canonical doctrines of judicial precedent: a comparative study,” The Jurist 54 (1994) 205-215.

Rice, Questions • Charles Rice, 50 Questions on the Natural Law (Ignatius Press, 1993).

Pietro Cardinal Gasparri (Italian prelate, 1852-1934), architect of the Pio-Benedictine Code, outlined the history of the codification process in his Prefatio [ad Codicis Iuris Canonici editionem], available in all monograph printings of the 1917 Code, English trans., “Preface [to the 1917 Code]” in Edward Peters, The 1917 Pio-Benedictine Code of Canon Law in English Translation with Extensive Scholarly Resources (Ignatius Press, 2001) 1-19, esp. 10-19. See also A. Stickler, “De efformatione Codicis iuris canonici”, in Alphonse Stickler, Historia Iuris Canonic Latini (Taurinorum, 1950) 376-384. In his remarks, Stickler drew on Cdl. Gasparri’s informal but fascinating reminisces offered in his “Storia della Codificazione del diritto canonico per la Chiesa latina”, Acta Congressus Juridici Internationalis Romae [1934], 5 vols., (Pont. Instituti Utriusque Iuris, 1935-1937) IV: 1-10. See also Stephan Kuttner, “Il Codice di diritto canonica nella storia”, Apollinaris 40 (1967) 9-27, esp. 9-17, and Constant Van de Wiel, History of Canon Law (Peeters/Eerdmans, 1991) 165-174.

Less than three months into his pontificate, Pope John XXIII (reigned 1958-1963) announced his intention to hold a synod for the Diocese of Rome, convoke an Ecumencial Council, and reform the Pio-Benedictine Code of Canon Law. See John XXIII, soll. alloc. Questa festiva (25 January 1959), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 51 (1959) 65-69, esp. 68-69. This tripartite plan was reiterated a few months later in John XXIII, enc. Ad Petri cathedram (29 June 1959), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 51 (1959) 497-531, at 498, English trans., “To the Chair of Peter”, The Pope Speaks 5 (1959) 359-383, at 359, or in

C. Carlen, ed., The Papal Encyclicals, in 5 vols., (Pierian Press, 1990) V: 5-20, at 5. While the Second Vatican Council and the reform of canon law were momentous events in the life of the Church occasioning vast bibliographies, the Synod of the Diocese of Rome (held in January 1960), had virtually no influence on either the ecumenical council or the revision of canon law, and today is all but forgotten. Synodal acts and norms were published in Prima Romana Synodus A.D. MDCCCCLX (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1960). See generally John Abbo, “The Roman Synod”, The Jurist 21 (1961) 170-203.

The formal presentation of the revised Code of Canon Law occurred on February 3, 1983, eight days after its promulgation. Three addresses in Italian were delivered by Abp. Castillo Lara, Cdl. Agostino Casaroli, and Pope John Paul II. See Communicationes 15 (1983) 27-35, 36-41, and 9-16 respectively, or Francesco d’Ostilio, La Storia del nuovo Codice di diritto canonico: Revisione, promulgazione, presentazione (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1983) 79-103, wherein addresses are published in the order of their delivery, English trans., in Pontificia Commissio Codici Iuris Canonici Recognoscendo, Promulgation and Official Presentation of the Code of Canon Law (Vatican Polyglott Press, no year given), as follows: “Discourse of the Pro-President Archbishop Rosalio Castillo Lara, sdb”, (pp. 13-23); “Discourse of Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, Secretary of State”, (pp. 24-29); and “Discourse of His Holiness John Paul II”, (pp. 31-39) [hereafter, Discourses, respectively].

Only the Latin text of the Johanno-Pauline Code of Canon Law has legal force. See A. Casaroli, Secretarius Status, Normae: De Latino textu Codicis Iuris Canonici tuendo eodemque alias in linguas convertendo (28 January 1983), n. 1, in L’Osservatore Romano 29.I.1983, at 1, or Communicationes 15 (1983) 41, English trans., “Norms for the protection and translation of the revised Code of canon law”, CLD X: 5-6, at 5.

In contrast to the Pio-Benedictine Code which treated beatification and canonization procedures extensively (see 1917 CIC 1999-2141), the Johanno-Pauline Code contains but a single norm in this area: 1983 CIC 1403. § 1. Causae canonizationis Servorum Dei reguntur peculiari lege pontificia. § 2. Iisdem causis applicantur praeterea praescripta huius Codicis, quoties in eadem lege ad ius universale remissio fit vel de normis agitur quae, ex ipsa rei natura, easdem quoque causas afficiunt. English trans., § 1. Special pontifical law governs the causes of canonization of the servants of God. § 2. The prescripts of this Code, however, apply to these causes whenever the special pontifical law refers to the universal law, or norms are involved which also affect these causes by the very nature of the matter. The pontifical law referenced above is found in John Paul II, ap. con. Divinus perfectionis Magister (25 January 1983), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 75 (1983) 349-355, English trans., “The Divine Teacher of perfection” CLD 10: 266-273, and is supplemented by Congregation for the Causes of Saints, Normae servandae in inquisitionibus ab episcopis faciendis in causis sanctorum (7 February 1983), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 75 (1983) 396-403, English trans., “Norms to be observed in inquiries made by bishops in the causes of saints” CLD 10: 273-281, and Congregation for the Causes of Saints, Decretum Generale de servorum Dei causis, quarum iudicium in praesens apud Sacram Congegationem pendet (7 February 1983), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 75 (1983) 403-404, English trans., “General decree on the causes of the servants of God whose judgment is presently pending at the sacred congregation” CLD 10: 281-282. All three documents in Latin-English may be found in Canon Law Society of America, Code of Canon Law, Latin-English Edition, New English Translation, (Canon Law Society of America, 1999) 659-677. Important discussions of modern law and practice in this area include: William Woestman, Canonization: theology, history, process (St. Paul University, 2002) 383 pp, reviewed by G. Nednungatt, Studia Canonica 37 (2003) 248-251; Kenneth Woodward, Making Saints: how the Catholic Church determines who becomes a saint, who doesn’t, and why (Touchstone, 1996) 461 pp; Fabian Veraja, Le Cause di canonizzazione dei santi: commenti alla legislazione e guida pratica. (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1992); and T. Zubek, “New legislation about the canonization of the servants of God” The Jurist 43 (1983) 361-375. For commentary on Pio-Benedictine law, see Damian Blaher, The Ordinary Processes in Causes of Beatification and Canonization, Canon Law Studies No. 268, (Catholic University of America, 1949).

In the course of discussing several topics, the first Synod of Bishops (October 1967) developed ten “Guiding Principles” intended to inform the activities of the various coetus charged with drafting the revised Code of Canon Law. See Pontificia Commissio Codici Iuris Canonici Recognoscendo, “Principia quae Codicis iuris canonici recognitionem dirigant” Communicationes 1 (1969) 77-85, English trans., Canon Law Society of America, Code of Canon Law, Latin-English Edition, New English Translation, (Canon Law Society of America, 1999) xxxvi-xxxvii. See also “Relatio circa ‘Principia quae Codicis iuris canonici recognitionem dirigant’” Communicationes 1 (1969) 86-91; “Responsiones ad animadversiones circa ‘Principia quae Codicis iuris canonici recognitionem dirigant’” Communicationes 1 (1969) 92-98; and “Manifestatio sententiae” Communicationes 1(1969) 99-100 (indicating strong support overall for the ten principles). Among scholarly studies of the guiding principles, see Richard Cunningham, “The Principles guiding the revision of the Code of canon law,” The Jurist 30 (1970) 447-455 (essentially a paraphrase of the ten principles); and John Alesandro, “Law and renewal: a canon lawyer’s analysis of the revised Code”, Canon Law Society of America Proceedings 44 (1982) 001-040.

The Eastern Catholic Churches share a common Code, namely, Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium auctoritate Ioannis Pauli PP. II promulgatus, Acta Apostolicae Sedis, 82 (1990) 1033-1363, English. trans., Canon Law Society of America, Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, Latin-English Edition (Canon Law Society of America, 1992). This Code replaces the (incomplete) canon law that had been in effect for Eastern Catholics, as promulgated by Pope Pius XII in a series of four motu proprios: m. p. Crebrae allatae (22 February 1949), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 41 (1949) 89-119 (marriage law); m. p. Sollicitudinem Nostram, (6 January 1950), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 42 (1950) 5-120 (on procedural law); m. p. Postquam Apostolicis Litteris (9 February 1952), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 44 (1952) 65-152 (religious, temporal goods, technical terms); and m. p. Cleri sanctitati (2 June 1957), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 49 (1957) 433-603 (law of persons). Some private bindings of the four documents, known unofficially as the Codificatio Iuris Canonici Orientalis, I-IV, are occasionally found. The fontes edition of the Eastern Code is: Pontificium Consilium de Legum Textibus Interpretandis, Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium auctoritate Ioannis Pauli PP. II promulgatus, Fontium Annotatione Auctus (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1995).

The major stages in the abolition of the “Index of Forbidden Books” can be traced in the following documents: Paul VI, m.p. Integrae servandae (7 December 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 57 (1965) 952-955, English trans., (dispositive parts only) CLD 6: 358-359, renaming and redefining the competence of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith; Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, notif. Post litteras apostolicas (14 June 1966), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 455, English trans., CLD 6: 814-815, confirming the revocation of the “Index of Forbidden Books”; and Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, decr. Post editam (15 November 1966), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 1186, English trans., CLD 6: 817-818, abrogating 1917 CIC 1399 and 2318.

1983 CIC 1313. § 1. Si post delictum commissum lex mutetur, applicanda est lex reo favorabilior. § 2. Quod si lex posterior tollat legem vel saltem poenam, haec statim cessat. English trans., § 1. If a law is changed after a delict has been committed, the law more favorable to the accused is to be applied. § 2. If a later law abolishes a law or at least the penalty, the penalty immediately ceases. For examples of this occurring, see Congregation for Bishops, private reply to NCCB petition dated May 4, 1977 (22 October 1977), CLD 8:1213-1214 or Origins 7 (1977-1978 56=, 354= , lifting the excommunication of those who, contrary to legislation of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore, attempted civil marriage after divorce; and Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, decr. Post editam (15 November 1966), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 1186, English trans., CLD 6: 817-818, abrogating 1917 CIC 1399 and 2318 (basically, the “Index of Forbidden Books”) and immediately absolving those who might have incurred censures there under.

The five major instructions issued for the proper implementation of Sacrosanctum Concilium are: Sacra Congregatio Rituum, Instructio ad Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia recte exsequendam Inter Oecumenici (26 September. 1964), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 56 (1964) 877-900; id., Instructio altera…Tres abhinc annos (4 May 1967), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 59 (1967) 442-448; Sacra Congregatio pro Cultu Divino, Instructio tertia…Liturgicae instaurationes (5 September 1970), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 62 (1970) 692-704; Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum, Instructio quarta…Variaetates legitimae (24 January 1994), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 87 (1995) 288-314; and id., Instructio quinta…Liturgiam authenticam (28 March 1991), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 93 (2001) 685-726.

Pope Pius IX effected a major reorganization of latae sententiae penalties in 1869. See Pius IX, con. Apostolica Sedis moderationi (12 October 1869), Acta Sanctae Sedis 5 (1869) 287-312; also in P. Gasparri & J. Serédi, Codicis Iuris Canonici Fontes, in 9 vols., (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1923-1949) III: 24-31.

The standard commentary on the Decretals of Gregory, known as the Glossa Ordinaria, was composed by Bernard of Parma († 1266) and revised by Johannes Andreas (c. 1270-1348). See generally P. Ourliac, “Bernard de Parme ou de Botone”, DDC II: 781-782. All quotations from the Glossa Ordinaria used here are taken from the dECRETALES D[omini] pape Gregorij noni acurata diligentia nouissime, (Impressas Uenetijs: Sūma cū diligētia i[n] edib[us] Luce Antonij de Giōta florentini, 1514).

On the partes decisae, see R. Naz, “Partes Decisae”, Dictionnaire de Droit Canonique VI (1957) 1248, or more generally P. Torquebiau, “Corpus Iuris Canonici … II. Les Dècrètals de Grégoire IX”, Dictionnaire de Droit Canonique IV (1949): 627-632, at 632.

“Impunitas incuriae soboles, insolentiae mater, radix impudentiae, transgressionum nutrix.” S. Bernardi Abbatis Clarae-Vallensis, De consideratione Libri Quinque ad Eugenium Terium, Libert III, caput V, in Migne, Patrologia Latina 182: 771.

“Hard cases make bad law.” Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197, 400-401 (1904), Holmes, J., dissenting.

Paul VI, m. p. Sacrum diaconatus ordinem (18 June 1967), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 59 (1967) 697-704. English trans., CLD 6: 577-584. Pope Paul VI, m. p. Ad pascendum (15 August 1972), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 64 (1972) 534-540 supplemented these norms. An English translation is available at CLD 7: 695-698.

John Paul II, allocutio “Saluto molto cordialemente”, 20 March 2004, Acta Apostolicae Sedis 94 (2004) 485-489 and Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II (Libreria Editrice Vaticana (2004), vol. XXVII/1: 344-349, English trans., “Caring for persons in a ‘vegetative state’”, The Pope Speaks 49 (2004) 264-267 and Ethics & Medics 29/6 (June 2004) 1-2.

Paul VI, ap. lit. Caritatis officia erga Ecclesiam Constantinopolitanam (7 dec. 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 40-41.

Text and translations of the Pio-Benedictine Code [1917 CIC] from Codex Iuris Canonici Pii X Pontificis Maximi iussu digestus Benedicti Papae XV auctoritate promulgatus, published in Acta Apostolicae Sedis 9/2 (1917) 11-521, as corrected and amended; English translations from Edward Peters, The 1917 Pio-Benedictine Code of Canon Law in English Translation with Extensive Scholarly Apparatus (Ignatius Press, 2001). Text and translations of the Johanno-Pauline Code [1983 CIC] from Codex Iuris Canonici auctoritate Ioannis Pauli PP. II promulgatus, published in Acta Apostolicae Sedis 75/2 (1983) 1-320, as corrected and amended; English translations from Canon Law Society of America, Code of Canon Law, Latin-English Edition, New English Translation (Canon Law Society of America, 1999). Text and translations of the Eastern Code of Canon Law [CCEO] from Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum Orientalium auctoritate Ioannis Pauli PP. II promulgatus, published in Acta Apostolicae Sedis, 82 (1990) 1033-1363, as corrected and amended; English translations from Canon Law Society of America, Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, Latin-English Edition (Canon Law Society of America, 1992).

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Constitutio de Sacra Liturgia Sacrosanctum Concilium (4 decembris 1963), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 56 (1964) 97-138, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 3-69; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 1-37; prominent commentaries include Josef Jungmann, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) I: 1-87.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Instrumentis Communicationis Socialis Inter mirifica (4 decembris 1963), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 56 (1964) 145-157, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 73-89; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 283-292; prominent commentaries include Karlheinz Schmidthüs, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) I: 89-104.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Constitutio Dogmatica de Ecclesia Lumen gentium (21 novembris 1964), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 57 (1965) 5-75, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 93-219; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 350-426; prominent commentaries include aa.vv., H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) I: 105-305.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Ecclesiis Orientalibus Catholicis Orientalium Ecclesiarum (21 novembris 1964), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 57 (1965) 76-89, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 223-240; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 441-451; prominent commentaries include Johannes Hoeck, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) I: 307-331.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Oecumenismo Unitatis redintegratio (21 novembris 1964), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 57 (1965) 90-112, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 243-274; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 452-473; prominent commentaries include Werner Becker and Johannes Feiner, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) II: 1-164.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Pastorali Episcoporum Munere in Ecclesia Christus Dominus (28 octobris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 673-701, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 277-330; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 564-590; prominent commentaries include Klaus Mörsdorf, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) II: 165-300.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Accommodata Renovatione Vitae Religiosae Perfectae caritatis (28 octobris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 702-712, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 333-353; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 611-623; prominent commentaries include Friedrich Wulf, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) II: 301-370.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Institutione Sacerdotali Optatam totius (28 octobris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 713-727, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 357-384; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 707-724; prominent commentaries include Josef Neuner, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) II: 371-404.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Declaratio de Educatione Christiana Gravissimum educationis (28 octobris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 728-739, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 387-408; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 725-737; prominent commentaries include Johannes Pohlschneider, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) IV: 1-48.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Declaratio de Ecclesiae Habitudine ad Religiones Non-Christianas Nostra aetate (28 octobris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 740-744, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 411-418; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 738-742; prominent commentaries include aa.vv., in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) III: 1-154.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Constitutio Dogmatica de Divina Revelatione Dei verbum (18 novembris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis , 58 (1966) 817-836, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 423-456; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 750-765; prominent commentaries include aa.vv., in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) III: 155-272.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Apostolatu Laicorum Apostolicam actuositatem (18 novembris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 837-864, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 459-508; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 766-798; prominent commentaries include Ferdinand Klostermann, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) III: 273-404.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Declaratio de Libertate Religiosa Dignitatis humanae (7 decembris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 929-946, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 511-540; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 799-812; prominent commentaries include Pietro Pavan, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) IV: 49-86.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Activitate Missionali Ecclesiae Ad gentes divinitus (7 decembris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 947-990, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 543-615; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 813-856; prominent commentaries include Suso Brechter, in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) IV: 87-181.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Decretum de Presbyterorum Ministerio et Vita Prebyterorum ordinis (7 decembris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 991-1024, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 619-678; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 863-902; prominent commentaries include aa.v.., in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) IV: 183-297.

Sacrosanctum Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum II, Constitutio Pastoralis de Ecclesia in Mundo Huius Temporis Gaudium et spes (7 decembris 1965), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 58 (1966) 1025-1120, or id., Constitutiones, Decreta, Declarationes (Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, 1966) 681-835; English trans. A. Flannery, ed., Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post-Conciliar Documents (Catholic Book Publishing, 1975) 903-1001; prominent commentaries include aa.vv., in H. Vorgrimler, ed., Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, in 5 vols., (Herder and Herder, 1967-1969) V: 1-379.

Timothy Lincoln Bouscaren, 1884-1971. John Delany, Dictionary of American Catholic Biography (Doubleday, 1984) 55-56.

Bertrandus Kurtscheid, 1877-1941. F. Robert, Apollinaris 14 (1941) 476-483.

Philippus Maroto, 1875-1937. Anon., Apollinaris 10 (1937) 324-326; bibliography Apollinaris 10 (1937) 627-633.

Pius XII, enc. Mystici Corporis (29 June 1943), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 35 (1943) 193-248; English trans., =.

Paul VI, enc. Ecclesiam Suam (6 August 1964), Acta Apostolicae Sedis 56 (1964) 609-659; English trasn., =

aa.vv., "Observations on the 1986 Schema Codicis Iuris Canonici Orientalis", Canon Law Society of America Proceedings 49 (1987) 336-359.

Heinrich Rommen (1897-1967) , The Natural Law [1936], trans. by T. Hanley (Herder, 1949)

Pope Pius XII, encyclical letter Mystici Corporis (29 June 1943), AAS 35 (1943) 193-248

Second Vatican Council, pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes (7 December 1965) AAS 58 (1966) 1025-1120

John Paul II, encyclical letter Evangelium vitae (25 March 1995), AAS 87 (1995) 401-522

Sacra Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei, Declaratio, “De abortu procurato”, 18 Nov. 1974, AAS 66 (1974) 730-747

Joyce, Marriage • George Joyce (=, 1864-1943), Christian Marriage: an Historical and Doctrinal Study (Sheed & Ward, 1933) 632 pp. Review: G. Osterle, Ius Pontificium 14 (1934) 237-238.

Siegle, Marriage • Bernard Siegle, Marriage Today: a Commentary on the Code of Canon Law in Light of Vatican II and the Ecumenical Age, 2nd ed., (Alba House, 1973) 347 pp. Review: =

Divorce and Remarriage • L. Wrenn, ed., Divorce and Remarriage in the Catholic Church (Newman, 1973) 152 pp. Review: =. Note: Citation will be to individual authors.

Rynne, Synod • Xavier Rynne (Francis Murphy, Redemptorist, 1914-2002), John Paul's Extraordinary Synod: a Collegial Achievement (Glazier, 1986) 132 pp.

Canon Law Digest in 10 vols., (various publishers and years) [herein CLD]

Cite volume and page. Year of publication is irrelevant. Editors: Vol. 1-3, Bouscaren; vol. 4-6, Bouscaren & O'Connor; vol. 7-10, O'Connor. Series continued by CLSA for 1983 Code. Jesuits.

Adrien Cance (Sulpician =), Le Code de Droit Canonique, in 4 vols., (Gabalda, various editions and years) [herein, Cance, Code]

Felix Cappello (Jesuit, 1879-1962), Summa Iuris Canonici, in 3 vols., (Gregorianae) [herein Cappello, Summa]

Mattheus Conte a Coronata (Capuchin =), Compendium Iuris Canonci ad usum scholarum, in 3 vols., (Marietti) [herein Coronata, Compendium]

Mattheus Conte a Coronata (Capuchin =), Institutiones Iuris Canonici, in 5 vols., (Marietti) [herein Coronata, Institutiones]

aa.vv., Comentarios al Código de Derecho Canónico con el texto legal latino y castellano, in 4 vols., (Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1963-1964) [herein, Salamanca Comm]

Identify the specific author of the passage being used, cite to page number, and note edition (at least six). This commentary also contains a complete translation of the 1917 Code and Latin original.

A. Vermeersch (Jesuit, 1858-1936) & J. Creusen (Jesuit =), Epitome Iuris Canonici cum commentariis, in 3 vols., (Dessain) [herein Vermeersch-Creusen]

Arcturus Vermeersch SJ , Jus Pontificium 17 (1937) 106-108. Ephemeridum Directio

Correco, Theology • Eugenio Correco, The Theology of Canon Law: a Methodological Question, F. Turvasi, trans., (Duquesne Univeristy, 1992).

Latourelle, Church • Rene Latourelle (Jesuit, 1918-), Christ and the Church: Signs of Salvation, D. Parker, trans., (Alba House, 1972) 324 pp.

Kloppenburg, Ecclesiology • Bonaventure Kloppenburg (Franciscan =), The Ecclesiology of Vatican II [1971], M. O'Connell, trans., (Franciscan Herald Press, 1974) 373 pp.

De Lubac, Motherhood • Henri De Lubac, The Motherhood of the Church, S. Englund, trans., (Ignatius, 1982) 363 pp.

Henry Manning, The Vatican Council and its Definitions: a Pastoral Letter to the Clergy (Kenedy, 1905) 252 pp.

Lane, History • Harlan Lane, When the Mind Hears: a History of the Deaf [1984] (Vintage Books, 1989).

Schein-Stewart, Language • Jerome Schein and David Stewart, Language in Motion: exploring the nature of sign (Gallaudet University,1995).

Valli, Linguistics • C. Valli, et al., Linguistics of American Sign Language: An Introduction [1992], 4° ed., (Gallaudet University, 2005).

Lidell, Sign • Scott Liddell, Grammar, Gesture, and Meaning in American Sign Language (Cambridge, 2003).

Gwyn Richards, “Deaf People, the Pre-Nuptial Inquiry, and Annulments” Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland Newsletter, n. 113 (March 1998) 58-63.

George Joyce, (English Jesuit, 1864-1943), Christian Marriage; an Historical and Doctrinal Study (Sheed & Ward, 1933) 632 pp.

Z. Suchecki, ed., Il Processo Penale Canonico (Lateran University, 2003) 455 pp.